Only if you know what are you doing:
Works on 8.*.* and up (UNLEASHED)

e.s your table is xxx with 2 fields x and y

as sys user:
1. select obj# from obj$
where name='XXX'
- take the number id (es 1000)

2. select obj#, col#, name from col$
where obj#=1000;

OBJ# COL# NAME
1000 1 X
1000 2 Y

3. update col$ set name='THE_NAME_YOU_WANT'
where obj#=1000
and col#=1;

4. run svrmgrl @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc

then desc xxx