There is some solution
1. If you query on a column/columns you can think of creaing an index on the column/columns.
2. You can user the parallel option (if your server is set to do it) i.e. in the CREATE table statement mention parallel(DEGREE n) and in the select statement you can use
ALTER SESSION ENABLE PARALLEL DML
/
SELECT /*+ parallel(a,3) */
column_1,
column_2,
..
column_10
FROM table_1 a
...
This opens 3 DML sessions instead of 1 and the fetch may be faster.
3. You can partition the table data across various tablespaces (if you have the option)
These three solutions are general. You'll have to test them
to get the performance.