well, your first requirement really depends on how the existing application's insert statements were designed in the first place. for example, if your applications all have inserts like
insert into table values (value1, value2, value3) -- the bad way
as opposed to
insert into table (col1, col2, col3) values (value1, value2, value3) -- the good way
you won't be able to add a column without changing the inserts, and you won't be able to modify a column without changing the inserts unless the same inserts work with the modified column. Eg, changing a char to a varchar shouldn't affect any insert statements, where the contrary might, if some values were too large for the new char field.
assuming the existing applications are coded correctly, you should just be able to add the column as needed (see oracle docs on user defined types at [url]http://oradoc.photo.net/ora81/DOC/server.815/a67781/c11ordb.htm[/url] ).
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